![]() If there’s an emergency with the organization, the procedure documents the rules and guidelines each employee must follow to ensure they are escorted safely out the compound unto the muster point while the health and safety officers conduct their checks before allowing anyone to re-enter the compound. One of the most important procedure is the emergency evacuation plan. Let’s imagine you work for an organization, ACME Corp and within the company, there are many policies and procedures that govern the handling of day to day transactions and activities within the organization. To further discuss the importance of have protocols on a network/system, we will use the following analogy to provide you with a real-world situation in comparison to network protocols. Without predefined rules or procedures, the messages traversing a network would be without any particular formatting and may not be meaningful to the receipt device. Network Protocols and their Port numbersĪ network protocol defines the rules and procedures in which data communication occurs between devices over a network. Now we have a clear understanding of the roles of ports on a system, let’s dive a bit deeper in define some of the well-known ports and their purposes on a network. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) defines the procedures for managing the service names and port numbers by RFC 6335. Get further information on the assignments of port by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) on its official website. The ranges of the ports are categorized into three simple categories for easy identification: Each of which is either Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) port types, there are some ports which are both TCP and UDP types. ![]() According to the Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry of IANA, there are a total of 65,535 ports. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the governing body who manages and regulates Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and Port Numbers assignments. From this analogy, you may have realized each type of network traffic (employee) enters their relevant department using a doorway, this doorway is a logical port existing within the operating system (building) and won’t be visible to any entity outside of the system.Įach type of network traffic is sent to a specific logical port for further processing before it’s delivered to the Application Layer. Each time an employee (network traffic) enters the building (operating system), he/she takes the elevator (Transport Layer) which delivers the employee to their respective doorway (logical port) at their department (service/protocol at the Application Layer). Now let’s put all the piece together and get everything working in harmony. Let’s imagine the physical building is a computing system such as a server, there are doors at each relevant department and the employees of the organization are different types of network traffic entering and leaving the system on a daily basis. Each day, the employees use the elevators which transport the staff to his/her relevant department and back. Each floor is occupied by a unique department and its respective staff members of the organization. Let’s imagine you own an organization, at the headquarters location, is a single building with many floors and at the center of the building are the elevators for easy access to the upper floors. To get started, we will use a simple analogy to help you understand the fundamentals of logical ports on a system. You may ask yourself, how does a physical port exist within a computer, server or a network appliance such as a router or switch? Here, we are going to further breakdown the concepts of these logical ports or what is known as network ports. However, even though these are the physical ports, there are also logical ports within an operating system or a device. The term “ports” or “network ports” usually means the physical interfaces or ports on a device, such as a router, switch, server or even a personal computer. This article provides you with an introduction to understanding network port numbers, TCP, UDP, and ICMP. This book will help you understand topics like network architecture, security, network monitoring, troubleshooting and much more. This article is an excerpt taken from the book CompTIA Network+ Certification Guide written by Glen D. As a student, professional or enthusiast who is interested in the field of computer networking, it is quite important to have a firm understanding and the need for logical (internal) ports on an operating system and protocols.
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